ACTAlab is hosting three visiting students from MIT through the MISTI program.
Kaitlyn Mullin will be researching self organised dispersions of micropartcicles
Kiara Cui will be researching methods to screen chalcogenides for applications in photonics
Nina Anwar will be investigating the threshold switching effect in amorphous chalcogenide thin films.
Weiling Dong et al. has publsihed a paper in the Journal of Physical Chemistry C which describes how plasmonic nanogratings can be combined with phase change materials to create strong absorption in the visible spectrum. Weiling explained that the simple design of her structure will enable mass production of these super absorbers.
The research was conducted in collaboration with Prof Tun Cao of Dalian University of Technology, China.
ACTAlab is developing tuneable optical filters based on chalcogenides for a wide range of applications from displays to pollution detectors.
ACTAlab will be presenting 5 papers at MRS 2016, Phoenix Arizona. The abstracts are listed below.
Design of Functional Chalcogenide Materials for Electronics, Photonics, and Data Storage
Janne Kalikka; Xilin Zhou; Yuhan Quek; Giacommo Nannicini; Robert Simpson
We propose an new approach to the design of functional chalcogenide materials. Our approach synergistically exploits both Edisonian and bottom up design approaches. Our materials discovery program employs both compuational-based Genetic algorithm-led materials optimisation and combinatorial composition-spread materials screening methods. As a proof-of-concept our methods are applied to Sb2Te3-GeTe phase-change materials. We show through experiment and simulation that our approach to materials design can accelerate the optimisation and discovery of new superlattices of van der Waals bonded 2-D chalcogenide crystal superlattices.
Strain Engineered Interfacial Phase Change Materials: Diffusive Atomic Switches in 2D
Xilin Zhou; Janne Kalikka; Eric Dilcher; Ju Li; Simon Wall; Robert E. Simpson
Sb2Te3 – GeTe van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures represent the state of the art in phase change memory material technology. Energy efficient data storage is achieved by confining the phase transition to the interface between the two layers, consequently the entropic losses that are associated with the reversible amorphous-crystalline phase transition in conventional Ge-Sb-Te alloys are suppressed. Accordingly these ‘interfacial phase change memory’ (iPCM) heterostructures present a viable route to lower the energy consumption of data storage devices. The full potential of phase change materials extends beyond their current application in data storage. Indeed, the iPCM structure, which is composed from the topological insulator Sb2Te3, provides a path toward switchable spintronic devices, whilst conventional phase change alloys are finding a new lease of life in tuneable photonics. We show that the iPCM switching mechanism entails pre-melting of a 0.5 nm thick two–dimensional GeTe crystal plane, and the energy required for the premelt–switching is lowered by applying biaxial strain. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the GeTe 2D crystal strain is dictated by the Sb2Te3 layer thickness and consequently the switching energy is readily decreased by simply increasing the thickness of the Sb2Te3 layers of the heterostructure. Finally we lay the foundation for a generalisable approach to the design of switchable vdW heterostructures by identifying four critical rules for the heterostructure superlattice design.
Strain Engineered Diffusive Atomic Switching in Chalcogenide Heterostructure Superlattices
Janne Kalikka; Xilin Zhou; Ju Li; Simon Wall; Eric Dilcher; Robert Simpson
Strain engineering is an emerging route for designing materials with specific properties or functions, such as tuneable band gap, carrier mobility, chemical reactivity, and diffusivity. In this presentation we show how strain can be used to control atomic diffusion in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of two dimensional (2D) crystals. We use strain to increase the diffusivity of Ge and Te atoms that are confined to 0.5 nm thick 2D planes within an Sb2Te3–GeTe vdW superlattice. The thickness ratio of the 2D crystal layers dictates the strain in the GeTe. We use this effect to substantially lower the energy required for atomic switching. By identifying four critical rules for the superlattice configuration, we lay the foundation for a generalisable approach to the design of switchable vdW heterostructures. As Sb2Te3–GeTe is a topological insulator, we envision that these rules may enable new methods to control spin and topological properties of materials in reversible and energy efficient ways.
Our paper on the design of Sb2Te1-GeTe superlattices has been highlighted in Materials 360, see http://www.materials360online.com/newsDetails/60817.
You can read the full Advanced Materials paper here
Congratulations to Xilin Zhou et al on their recent publication in Advanced Materials which demonstrates how Sb2Te1 layers can be used to subject GeTe layers to biaxial tensile strain. This strain engineered structural design increases the switching rate of the GeTe layers whilst also decreasing the switching energy. Consequently when these materials are incorporated into random access memory devices the energy required to store data is decreased. If these memory cells are incorporated in to smart phones and laptops, the battery lifetime is expected to increased.
Read all about the work here: DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505865 or download the article here.
Image credit: Adam Simpson
The relationship between optical properties, bonding, and structure of the prototypical phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5, was investigated in a study led by Prof Simon Wall. Read about the findings in Nature Materials
R. E. Simpson will give a talk at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics on 24th June 2015.
Phase change materials: structure, design, and applications in photonics
The crystallisation kinetics, electrical properties, and the refractive index of the well known GeTe-Sb2Te3 phase change data storage materials are commonly tuned by adjusting the composition or alloying with other elements. However, the effect of strain has not been exploited as a means to design the properties of phase change materials, yet in microelectronics material research, ‘strain engineering’ is the principal technique used to enhance the performance of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In this presentation I will describe how strain can be used to tune phase change materials and phase change superlattice structures. The talk will include our latest results from experiment and simulation whilst also projecting forward to discuss the application of phase change materials to photonics.
R. E. Simpson will give a talk at the Dalian University of Technology on 22/23rd June 2015.
Phase change materials: structure, design, and applications in photonics
The crystallisation kinetics, electrical properties, and the refractive index of the well known GeTe-Sb2Te3 phase change data storage materials are commonly tuned by adjusting the composition or alloying with other elements. However, the effect of strain has not been exploited as a means to design the properties of phase change materials, yet in microelectronics material research, ‘strain engineering’ is the principal technique used to enhance the performance of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In this presentation I will describe how strain can be used to tune phase change materials and phase change superlattice structures. The talk will include our latest results from experiment and simulation whilst also projecting forward to discuss the application of phase change materials to photonics.
In the paper Dr Xilin Zhou discusses how oxygen doped GeTe film can be engineered to show a phase change with negligible change in mass density. These materials show potential for phase change memory applications that have a high cycleability.
The paper is freely available at: http://www.nature.com/srep/2015/150611/srep11150/pdf/srep11150.pdf
The ACTAlab has received funding from the A-star Singapore-China joint research program. The ACTAlab will be collaborating with Prof Tun Cao from the Dalian University to Technology to develop chalcogenide tuneable photonic pollution sensors.